RenalWEB Home Page
Last Updated 1/22/12
Topic Listings

PubMed Searches

Once a patient begins dialysis treatments, there are four main restrictions to their "renal diet":

Fluids, Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), and Phosphorus (P).

Fluids are usually restricted to prevent excessive accumulation of water in the body. Too much water can lead to hypertension (high blood pressure), cardiovascular disease, and other complications such as pulmonary edema (water in the lungs).

Sodium is restricted as it plays major roles in hypertension and thirst. Cutting back on salt is essential in the renal diet.

Potassium is restricted as it may lead to irregular heart function. Patients must become knowledgeable about the foods that have high amounts of potassium.

Phosphorus is restricted because high levels of phosphorus will result in low levels of free calcium in the patient's blood. When the body senses low levels of calcium in the blood, it draws calcium out of the bones, which leads to brittle and fragile bones that can easily break.

Protein may or may not be restricted, depending on remaining renal function and other individual-based factors. Consult with your nephrologist and renal dietitian for guidance on your optimal protein intake.

Warning:  Changes should never be made in a patient's treatment or care based solely on the information found here.  Every patient has unique healthcare concerns and considerations and all these factors must all be taken into account before any changes can be safely made.  All medical and therapeutic decisions must come from a qualified health care provider.  Read RenalWEB's Legal Disclaimer before proceeding.


  NEWS & LATEST ARTICLES

Free, Full-Text Articles from American Journal Of Kidney Diseases - February 2012
Potential Interaction Between Sevelamer and Fat-Soluble Vitamins: A Hypothesis
Lipid-Lowering Therapy in Individuals With CKD: Lessons Learned From SHARP

"Southern Food" Chef Paula Deen Hid Diabetes, Pushed High-Fat Food - Article from AP. - January 17, 2012

Vitamin D Status in Dark Skinned Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis in a Continually Sunny Country - Article in Press abstract from Journal of Nephrology. - January 17, 2012

Quality of Life and Protein Energy Wasting in Kidney Transplant Recipients - Online First Abstract from International Urology and Nephrology - January 14, 2012

Hold the Potassium - Posting from the Renal Fellow Network blog. - January 12, 2012

Treating the Obese Dialysis Patient: Challenges and Paradoxes - Early View abstract from Seminars in Dialysis. - January 12, 2012

Diabetes Drug Helps All Shed Pounds - Article from Medpage Today. - January 12, 2012

Red Wine-Heart Research Slammed with Fraud Charges - Article from Reuters.. - January 12, 2012

Depression in Dialysis Patients and Its Association with Nutritional Markers and Quality of Life - Articles in Press Abstract from Journal of Nephrology - January 11, 2012

Higher Soda Tax Urged to Cut Obesity, Diabetes - Article from Medpage Today - January 11, 2012

Advance Access Abstracts from NDT - January 11, 2012
Altered Relative Concentrations of High-Energy Phosphates in Patients with Uremic Cardiomyopathy Measured by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Safety and Efficacy of Local Periadventitial Delivery of Sirolimus for Improving Hemodialysis Graft Patency: First Human Experience with a Sirolimus Eluting Collagen Membrane (Coll-R)

Weight Loss No Solution for Preventing Diabetes, Expert Says - Article from MedPage Today. - January 10, 2012

Too Much Vitamin D Could Be Harmful to Heart - Article from HealthDay. - January 10, 2012

Hormone helps obese shed weight: study - Article from AFP. - January 10, 2012

Certain Diabetes Drugs Might Aid Weight Loss - Article from HealthDay. - January 10, 2012

New York anti-obesity ads pair soda, leg amputations - Article from Reuters. - January 9, 2012

Articles in Press Abstracts from Journal of Renal Nutrition - January 9, 2012
Intake of Antioxidants and their Status in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Vitamin C Affects the Expression of Hepcidin and Erythropoietin Receptor in HepG2 Cells
Therapy of Hyperhomocysteinemia in Hemodialysis Patients: Effects of Folates and N-Acetylcysteine
Development and Validation of an Expedited 10 g Protein Counter (EP-10) for Dietary Protein Intake Quantification
Underreporting of Energy Intake in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients: A Cross-sectional Study

Articles in Press Abstracts from Journal of Renal Nutrition - January 5, 2012
Associations of Socioeconomic Status and Processed Food Intake With Serum Phosphorus Concentration in Community-Living Adults: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA)
Assessing the Validity and Reliability of the MUST and MST Nutrition Screening Tools in Renal Inpatients
Effect of Brazil Nut Supplementation on Plasma Levels of Selenium in Hemodialysis Patients: 12 Months of Follow-up
Have Renal Dietitians Successfully Implemented Evidence-Based Guidelines Into Practice? A Survey of Dietitians Across Australia and New Zealand

Dietary Protein Affects Energy Expenditure, Not Body Fat - Physician's Briefing from Health Day. - January 3, 2012

Obesity and Mortality Risk among Younger Dialysis Patients - CJASN Express Abstract. - January 2012

Ergocalciferol Supplementation in Children with CKD Delays the Onset of Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: A Randomized Trial - CJASN Express Abstract. - January 2012

CJASN Express Abstracts - January 2012
Mortality in Kidney Disease Patients Treated with Phosphate Binders: A Randomized Study
Relationship between CRP Polymorphism and Cardiovascular Events in Chinese Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

Call to Arms… - Free, full-text editorial from Journal of Renal Nutrition . - January 2012

Postings from HemoDoc: - January 2012
The Kjellstrand Lecture: The Deadly Delay - Part I: Introduction
The Kjellstrand Lecture: The Deadly Delay - Part II: Potassium and Fluid Balance

Free, Full-Text Articles from The Journal of Renal Nutrition - January 2012
Medication Reminder Systems: An Adjunct Technique in Improving Phosphate Binder Adherence
Nutrition Supplementation and Chronic Kidney Disease: What Are the Options?
Risk Factors for Hypovitaminosis D in Nondialyzed Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Dietary Acid Reduction with Fruits and Vegetables or Bicarbonate Attenuates Kidney Injury in Patients with a Moderately Reduced Glomerular Filtration Rate Due to Hypertensive Nephropathy - Free, full-text article from Kidney International. - January 2012

Red Meat Lovers Have More Kidney Cancer - December 28, 2011

Elderly Who Eat Better Stay Mentally Sharp: Study - December 28, 2011

Are Global Market Forces Linked to Obesity Epidemic? - Article from HealthDay. - December 28, 2011

Diet, Nutrient Levels Linked to Cognitive Ability, Brain Shrinkage - Press release from Oregon State University. Article from AFP. - December 28, 2011
Editor's note: Effect of the renal diet?

Vitamin D Deficiency Is Common in Children and Adolescents with Chronic Kidney Disease - Advance online abstract from Kidney International. - December 28, 2011

Body Mass Index Has No Effect on Rate of Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in Subjects with Type II Diabetes Mellitus - Article in Press abstract from Journal of Nephrology. - December 21, 2011

Effects of Short- and Long-Term Hypercholesterolemia on Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury - Issue-in-Progress Abstract from American Journal of Nephrology - December 21, 2011

Nutritional Vitamin D Supplementation in Hemodialysis: a Potential Vascular Benefit? - Accepted article abstract from Nephrology. - December 19, 2011

Vitamin D Helps Bone Health Only With Calcium: Report - December 19, 2011

Advance Access Abstracts from NDT - December 15, 2011
Physical Activity and Energy Expenditure in Hemodialysis Patients: an International Survey
Narrowband Ultraviolet B Exposure Increases Serum Vitamin D Levels in Hemodialysis Patients

Study on the Relationship between Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D Levels and Vascular Calcification in Hemodialysis Patients with Consideration of Seasonal Variation in Vitamin D Levels - Abstracts from Atherosclerosis. - December 14, 2011

New Web Resource from Kidney Foundation of Canada Helps Dialysis Patients with Complex Burden of Diet Planning - Article from The Canadian Press. - December 12, 2011

Effect of Vitamin K2 Supplementation on Functional Vitamin K Deficiency in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Trial - Article in Press abstract from American Journal of Kidney Diseases. - December 12, 2011

Article in Press Abstract from The International Journal of Artificial Organs - December 12, 2011
Formulation of a Dry Weight Bioimpedance Index in Hemodialysis Patients

Evaluation of Advanced Glycation End Products Accumulation, Using Skin Autofluorescence, in CKD and Dialysis Patients - Online First abstract from International Urology and Nephrology. - December 10, 2011

Fishing for Patency in Hemodialysis Grafts (Fish Oil Study) - (Registration required, but free.) Article from Medscape Nephrology. - December 3, 2011

Vitamin D Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease and End Stage Renal Disease - CJASN Express Abstract - December 2011

Cachexia and Protein Energy Wasting in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease - Free, fulltext review from Pediatric Nephrology. - February 2011

Top of Page


  WEB RESOURCES
Latest Scientific Journal Articles on Nutrition - list compiled by RenalWEB's Journal Watch
Table of Contents of the latest issue of the Journal of Renal Nutrition with abstracts
American Society for Parenteral and Enternal Nutrition web site
The American College of Nutrition web site
American Dietetic Association web site
Council on Renal Nutrition of The National Kidney Foundation web site
Cause or Casualty? The Impact and Role of the Kidney on Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome and Atherogenesis (pdf) free CE program from the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) web site
Chronic Kidney Disease: Nutrition Basics - Free, Full-text Article from Journal of Renal Nutrition - July 2011
Chronic Kidney Disease: Preventing and Treating Malnutrition (pdf) article from the National Kidney Foundation web site
Eating Healthy From the Start: Kid and Kidney-Friendly Nutrition Tips (pdf) resource from the ESRD Network #15 web site
Educational Strategies to Reduce Serum Phosphorus in Hyperphosphatemic Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Systematic Review With Meta-analysis - Free, Full-text Article from Journal of Renal Nutrition - July 2011
Estimating Lean Body Mass in Hemodialysis Patients - Informative article from Renal and Urology News. - June 8, 2011
GETTING TO GOAL: A Multidisciplinary Approach to Phosphorus Management (pdf) from the National Kidney Foundation web site
Guidelines for Care of ESRD Patients (pdf format requires Adobe Acrobat Reader) - from the End Stage Renal Disease Network 4 web site
Net Nutrition A-Z - Practical Web-Based Tools for Renal Clinicians to Improve Nutrition Outcomes from Satellite Healthcare (includes tools for assessments, calculations, and modeling)
Nutrition Counter from the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP) web site
Online Clinical Calculator for Body Surface Area/Body Mass Index from Division of General Internal Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin web site
Renal Dietitians Practice Group from the American Dietetic Association web site
Renal Nutrition Resources from NKF - Council on Renal Nutrition
Revised European Best Practice Guidelines for Hemodialysis - Nutrition Part I (pdf) and Revised European Best Practice Guidelines for Hemodialysis - Nutrition Part 2 (pdf) - guidelines endorsed by the European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ERA-EDTA)
A Team Approach to Managing Bone Disease in CKD Stage 5 (pdf) from the National Kidney Foundation web site
30 Ways to Eat More Protein! (pdf) one month menu calendar from the ESRD Network #15 web site
Weight Management Tips for Patients on Hemodialysis - Free, full-text article from the Journal of Renal Nutrition. - September 2010
Top of Page


 RENAL DIET RESOURCES
AAKP Diet Tips and Bits from the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP) web site
aakpDelicious! from the American Association of Kidney Patients (AAKP) web site
Assessing “Low-Carb” Products from the Journal of Renal Nutrition
Brilliant Eats Cookbook from PKD Foundation web site
Chinese Nutrition Educational Materials for Renal Patients: A 2010 Update - Free, full-text article from Journal of Renal Nutrition. - March 2011
Culinary Kidney Cooks web site
DaVita Diet Helper from the DaVita web site
Dialysis Dining on the "Go" - New publication for sale covering fast foods, casual dining, and convenience foods.
Diet Information from the Kidney Patient's Guide (UK site) web site
"Dining Out With Confidence" Guide from the National Kidney Foundation web site
Eat Right to Feel Right on Hemodialysis from the NIDDK web site
Fast Food, Phosphorus Containing Food Additives, and the Renal Diet from Case Wesstern Reserve University

Kidney Community Kitchen from the Kidney Foundation of Canada Helps Dialysis Patients with Complex Burden of Diet Planning

Kidney Kitchen from the National Kidney Foundation web site
MagicKitchen.com - offers frozen meals for Renal Diet
Nutrition and Fluids for People on Dialysis from the Kidney School web site
Nutrition for CKD Patients - Resource page from the National Kidney Disease Education Program (NKDEP) - June 2010
Phosphorus Education Materials for Patients and Professionals resources from Case Western Reserve University
Phosphorous: What is it and Why is it Important? from KidneyTimes™
A Review of Packaged Snack Foods - Free, Full-text Article from Journal of Renal Nutrition - July 2011
Spice Up Your Diet from the National Kidney Foundation web site
Vitamin D Basics from the Renal Fellow Network web site


  GENERAL FOOD INFORMATION - NOT RENAL SPECIFIC
Bowes & Church's Food Values of Portions Commonly Used by Jean A. T., Ph.D. Pennington, Anna De Planter Bowes, Helen n Church - from amazon.com
Cooking Measures and Conversion Calculator from the Global Gourmet web site
Food and Nutrition Topics from A to Z compiled by the Food and Nutrition Information Center ARS/USDA. WARNING: This is NOT information specific to Renal Diets, but about nutrition topics in general. Do not confuse the general public nutritional guidelines found through this link with renal patient nutritional guidelines.


  PUBMED SEARCHES (National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE Database)
dialysis and diet articles   Continually Updated!
fluid restriction and ESRD articles   Continually Updated!
nutrition management and ESRD articles   Continually Updated!
PCR and dialysis (protein catabolic rate)  Continually Updated!
IDPN and dialysis (intradialytic parenteral nutrition) articles  Continually Updated!
MEDLINE / Pubmed Information from the National Library of Medicine
Top of Page


  K/DOQI™ - Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Chronic Renal Failure from the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) web site
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Nutrition in Children with CKD - 2008 Update (pdf format requires Adobe Acrobat reader)  from the National Kidney Foundation (NKF) web site
Top of Page


  DISCUSSION FORUM
Renal Diet Questions & Issues Discussion Forum on RenalWEB
Top of Page


  PRODUCTS
 
Top of Page


  RENAL DIET COOKBOOKS
Cookbooks for CKD Patients—2009 Update
Living Well on Dialysis:A Cookbook for Patients and Their Families (pdf) from the National Kidney Foundation web site
The Renal Gourmet a cook book by a kidney patient
Cooking for David: A Culinary Dialysis Cookbook by Sara Colman, RD, CDE, Renal Dietitian,
Nutrition Educator & Dorothy Gordon, BS, RN, experienced culinary dialysis diet cook - from Culinary Kidney Cooks
Cleveland Clinic Foundation Renal Diet Cookbooks
The Renal Patient's Guide to Good Eating : A Cookbook for Patients by a Patient - by Judith A. Curtis, Thomas Batis (Illustrator) from amazon.com - 1989
Rediscovering Food & Flavours - The KidneyCare Cookbook by Lawrence Keogh (chef and transplant patient)
(The) Renal Family Cookbook from the MultiMed web site

Spice it up! - Renal recipe web site from Canada. Spice it up! booklets are available in English and French, but they are not for sale. They are distributed by renal dietitians to dialysis patients (free of charge).

Cookbooks for Renal Patients from the National Kidney Foundation web site
Top of Page


  UPCOMING EVENTS
Listing of local ESRD Network Annual Meetings
Listing of NKF Local Council Professional Education Meetings and Activities
Listing of American Dietetic Association Education Conferences and Events
Calendar of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Meetings and Activities
Top of Page


  YOUR WORDS
 
Top of Page


  INPUT / SUGGESTIONS
E-mail to RenalWEB on the Patient Nutrition Resources Page
Top of Page

 

Except where noted, no information within the RenalWEB web site can be copied, duplicated, or reproduced in any form without the express written consent of RenalWEB.